I-ceramics yezimboni, okungukuthi, i-ceramics yokukhiqizwa kwezimboni kanye nemikhiqizo yezimboni. Kuwuhlobo lwe-ceramics emihle, engadlala imishini, eshisayo, yamakhemikhali neminye imisebenzi ekusetshenzisweni. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-ceramics ezimbonini anochungechunge lwezinzuzo, njengokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nokuguguleka, njll., angakwazi ukuthatha indawo yezinto zensimbi nezinto eziphilayo ze-macromolecule endaweni yokusebenza enokhahlo. Sebephenduke into ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ebalulekile ekuguqulweni kwezimboni zendabuko, izimboni ezisafufusa kanye nezimboni zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi kumandla, i-aerospace, imishini, izimoto, i-electronics, imboni yamakhemikhali neminye imikhakha. Amathemba ohlelo olubanzi. Ama-Ceramics anokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali ekuthintaneni nama-enzyme e-biological asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinsimbi, izishintshi zokushisa kanye nama-biomaterials afana namajoyini e-lacquer okwenziwa kwamazinyo okuncibilikisa izinsimbi. I-Ceramics enokubanjwa kwe-neutron eyingqayizivele kanye nokumuncwa isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinto ezihlukahlukene zesakhiwo se-nuclear reactor.
1.Calcium oxide ceramics
Izitsha ze-calcium oxide ceramics ziyi-ceramics ikakhulukazi ezakhiwe nge-calcium oxide.Izakhiwo: I-Calcium oxide inesakhiwo sekristalu se-NaCl esinobukhulu obungu-3.08-3.40g/cm kanye nendawo yokuncibilika engu-2570 C.Inokuqina kwe-thermodynamic futhi ingasetshenziswa ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu (2000 C). Inokusabela okuphansi nokuncibilika kwensimbi okuphezulu okusebenzayo kanye nokungcoliswa okuncane komoyampilo noma izakhi zokungcola. Umkhiqizo unokumelana okuhle nokugqwala kwensimbi encibilikisiwe kanye ne-calcium phosphate encibilikisiwe. Ingakhiwa ngokucindezela okomile noma i-grouting.
Isicelo:
1)Kuyisitsha esibalulekile sokuncibilikisa izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi, njengeplatinum ehlanzekile ne-uranium.
2)Isitini se-calcium oxide esizinziswe yi-titanium dioxide singasetshenziswa njengolwelwesi lwensimbi yomlilo ojikelezayo wensimbi encibilikisiwe ye-phosphate.
3)Mayelana nokuzinza kwe-thermodynamic, i-CaO idlula i-SiO 2, i-MgO, i-Al2O 3 ne-ZrO 2, futhi iphakeme kakhulu ngama-oxide. Lesi sakhiwo sibonisa ukuthi singasetshenziswa njenge-crucible yokuncibilikisa izinsimbi nama-alloys.
4)Enqubweni yokuncibilika kwensimbi, amasampula e-CaO namashubhu okuzivikela angasetshenziswa, asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphathweni kwekhwalithi noma ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika kwensimbi esebenzayo njengama-alloys e-titanium aphezulu.
5)Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, izitsha zobumba ze-CaO nazo zifanelekile imikhono yokufakelwa ukuncibilika kwe-arc noma izitsha zokulinganisa.
ama-engeli okuhlola.
I-calcium oxide inezinkinga ezimbili:
①Kulula ukusabela ngamanzi noma i-carbonate emoyeni.
②Ingancibilika ngama-oxide afana ne-iron oxide ekushiseni okuphezulu. Lesi senzo se-slagging yisizathu sokuthi kungani ama-ceramics kulula ukugqwala futhi abe namandla aphansi. Lokhu kushiyeka kwenza kube nzima ukuthi i-calcium oxide ceramics isetshenziswe kabanzi. Njenge-ceramics, i-CaO isencane. Inezinhlangothi ezimbili, kwesinye isikhathi izinzile futhi kwesinye isikhathi ayizinzi. Ngokuzayo, singakwazi ukuhlela kangcono ukusetshenziswa kwayo futhi siyenze ijoyine amazinga e-ceramics ngokusebenzisa inqubekelaphambili yezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukwakha, ukudubula nobunye ubuchwepheshe.
2. Izitsha zobumba ze-zircon
I-Zircon ceramics yi-ceramics ikakhulukazi eyakhiwe zircon (ZrSiO4).
Izakhiwo:I-Zircon ceramics inokumelana nokushaqeka okuhle kokushisa, ukumelana ne-asidi nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali, kodwa ukumelana ne-alkali okungekuhle. I-coefficient yokwandisa okushisayo kanye ne-thermal conductivity ye-zircon ceramics iphansi, futhi amandla abo okugoba angagcinwa ku-1200-1400 C ngaphandle kokunciphisa, kodwa izakhiwo zabo zemishini zimbi. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ifana neye-ceramics ekhethekile evamile.
Isicelo:
1)Njenge-refractory ye-asidi, i-zircon isetshenziswe kabanzi kumakhilo engilazi e-alkali aluminoborosilicate ephansi yokukhiqiza ibhola lengilazi nokukhiqizwa kwe-fiber yengilazi. I-Zircon ceramics inezakhiwo eziphakeme ze-dielectric kanye nemishini, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengama-insulators kagesi nama-spark plugs.
2)Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwenza izitsha zikagesi ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezisezingeni eliphezulu, izikebhe ze-ceramic, iziphambana, ipuleti elishisa izikhotha, ulayini lwesithando sengilazi, izitsha zobumba zemisebe ye-infrared, njll.
3)Ingenziwa imikhiqizo enezindonga ezincane - i-crucible, umkhono we-thermocouple, umlomo wombhobho, imikhiqizo enezindonga eziwugqinsi - udaka, njll.
4)Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi i-zircon inokuzinza kwamakhemikhali, ukuzinza kwemishini, ukuzinza kokushisa kanye nokuzinza kwemisebe. Inokubekezelela okuhle kwama-actinides afana no-U, Pu, Am, Np, Nd kanye ne-Pa. Iyinto ekahle emaphakathi yokuqinisa udoti okhipha imisebe yezinga eliphezulu (HLW) ohlelweni lwensimbi.
Njengamanje, ucwaningo mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kwenqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ye-zircon ceramics ayikabikwa, okuvimbela ukucwaninga okuqhubekayo kwezakhiwo zayo ngezinga elithile futhi kukhawule ukusetshenziswa kwe-zircon ceramics.
3. Izitsha zobumba ze-lithium oxide
I-Lithium oxide ceramics yi-ceramics izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko i-Li2O, i-Al2O3 ne-SiO2. Izinto zamaminerali eziyinhloko eziqukethe i-Li2O emvelweni yi-spodumene, i-lithium-permeable feldspar, i-lithium-phosphorite, i-lithium mica ne-nepheline.
Izakhiwo: Izigaba eziyinhloko ze-crystalline ze-lithium oxide ceramics ziyi-nepheline ne-spodumene, ezibonakala nge-coefficient ephansi yokwandisa ukushisa nokumelana nokushaqeka okuhle kokushisa.I-Li2O iwuhlobo lwe-oxide ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi, engaqinisa inethiwekhi yengilazi futhi ithuthukise ngokuphumelelayo ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali ingilazi.
Isicelo:Ingasetshenziselwa ukwenza izitini ze-lining, amashubhu okuvikela i-thermocouple, izingxenye zokushisa ezihlala njalo, izitsha zaselabhorethri, izitsha zokupheka, njll. zezithando zikagesi (ikakhulukazi ama-induction furnaces). Izinto zochungechunge ze-Li2O-A12O3-SiO 2 (LAS) ziyi-ceramics evamile yokunwetshwa okuphansi, engasetshenziswa njengezinto ezimelana nokushaqeka okushisayo, i-Li2O ingasetshenziswa futhi njengesibophezelo se-ceramic, futhi ibe nenani lesicelo elingase libe khona embonini yengilazi.
4. Ceria zobumba
I-cerium oxide ceramics iyi-ceramics ene-cerium oxide njengengxenye eyinhloko.
Izakhiwo:Umkhiqizo une-gravity ethize engu-7.73 nendawo yokuncibilika engu-2600 ℃.Izoba yi-Ce2O3 ekunciphiseni umkhathi, futhi indawo yokuncibilika izokwehla isuka ku-2600 ℃ iye ku-1690℃. I-resistivity ingu-2 x 10 ohm cm ku-700 ℃ kanye no-20 ohm cm ku-1200 ℃. Njengamanje, kunezinqubo zobuchwepheshe ezimbalwa ezivamile zokukhiqizwa kwezimboni ze-cerium oxide e-China kanje:I-Chemical oxidation, kuhlanganise ne-air oxidation ne-potassium permanganate oxidation;Indlela yokuwosa i-oxidation.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa isizinda
Isicelo:
1)Ingasetshenziswa njengento yokushisa, i-crucible yokuncibilikisa insimbi ne-semiconductor, umkhono we-thermocouple, njll.
2)Ingasetshenziswa njengezinsiza zokuthungatha izitsha zobumba ze-silicon nitride, kanye nezitsha zobumba eziguquliwe ze-aluminium titanate, futhi i-CeO 2 iwukuqina okufanele.
isizinzisi.
3)I-Rare earth tricolor phosphor ene-99.99% CeO 2 iwuhlobo lwempahla ekhanyayo yesibani esonga amandla, esebenza kahle kakhulu ekukhanyeni, ukunikezwa kombala okuhle nokuphila isikhathi eside.
4)I-CeO 2 powdering powder enengxenye enkulu kuno-99% inobulukhuni obuphezulu, usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane nezifanayo kanye nekristalu eyi-angular, elungele ukupholisha ingilazi ngesivinini esikhulu.
5)Ukusebenzisa i-98% CeO 2 njenge-decolorizer ne-clarifier kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi nezakhiwo zengilazi futhi kuyenze isebenze kakhudlwana.
6)I-ceria ceramics inokungami kahle kwe-thermal kanye nokuzwela okunamandla emkhathini, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngezinga elithile.
5. I-Thorium oxide ceramics
I-Thorium oxide ceramics ibhekisela kuzitsha zobumba ezine-THO2 njengengxenye eyinhloko.
Izakhiwo:I-thorium oxide ehlanzekile iyi-cubic crystal system, isakhiwo sohlobo lwe-fluorite, i-thermal expansion coefficient ye-thorium oxide ceramics inkulu, 9.2*10/℃ ku-25-1000 ℃, ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal kuphansi, 0.105 J/(cm.s ℃ at I-100 ℃, ukuzinza kwe-thermal kubi, kodwa izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo likhona high, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu conductivity kuhle, futhi kukhona radioactivity (10% isixazululo PVA njenge-ejenti ukumiswa) noma ukucindezela (20% thorium tetrachloride njengoba isibopho) ingasetshenziswa inqubo yokwenza.
Isicelo:Isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-crucible yokuncibilikisa i-osmium, i-rhodium emsulwa kanye ne-radium yokucwenga, njengento yokushisa, njengomthombo wokusesha, umthunzi wesibani se-incandescent, noma njengophethiloli we-nuclear, njenge-cathode yeshubhu kagesi, i-electrode yokuncibilika kwe-arc, njll.
6. I-Alumina Ceramics
Ngokomehluko wesigaba se-crystalline esiyinhloko ku-ceramic billet, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-corundum porcelain, i-corundum-mullite porcelain ne-mullite porcelain. Ingabuye ihlukaniswe ngama-ceramics angama-75, 95 kanye nama-99 ngokuya ngengxenye enkulu ye-AL2O3.
Isicelo:
Izitsha ze-alumina zobumba zinezinga eliphezulu lokuncibilika, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali okuhle kanye nezakhiwo ze-dielectric. Nokho, inokonakala okuphezulu, ukumelana nomthelela ongemuhle kanye nokumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo, futhi ayikwazi ukumelana nezinguquko ezinqala kumazinga okushisa asendaweni. Ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amashubhu okushisa okushisa aphezulu, ama-linings, ama-spark plugs ezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, amathuluzi okusika anobulukhuni obuphezulu, kanye nemikhono ye-thermocouple insulating.
7. I-silicone carbide ceramics
I-silicon carbide ceramics ibonakala ngamandla okushisa aphezulu, ukushisa okuphezulu kokushisa, ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nokukhasa. Zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezinto zokushisa eziphezulu ze-sintering emkhakheni wezokuvikela kazwelonke kanye ne-Aerospace Science nobuchwepheshe. Asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye zokushisa eziphakeme ezifana nemibhobho yamarokhethi, imiqala yokuphonsa insimbi, ama-thermocouple bushings namashubhu esithandweni somlilo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-16-2019