Industrial ceramics, kureva, ceramics yekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri uye zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri. Iyo imhando yeakanaka ceramics, inogona kutamba mechanic, inopisa, makemikari uye mamwe mabasa mukushandisa. Nekuti maindasitiri eceramics ane akatevedzana mabhenefiti, senge tembiricha yekudzivirira, corrosion resistance, kupfeka kuramba, erosion resistance, zvichingodaro, anogona kutsiva zvinhu zvesimbi uye organic macromolecule zvinhu zvehutsinye hwekushanda nharaunda. Vave chinhu chakakosha uye chakakosha mushanduko yechinyakare maindasitiri, maindasitiri ari kusimukira uye maindasitiri epamusoro-soro. Iwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya musimba, aerospace, michina, mota, zvemagetsi, indasitiri yemakemikari uye mamwe minda. Wide application tarisiro. Ceramics ine yakanaka corrosion resistance uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari mukubatana nema enzymes ehupenyu anoshandiswa kugadzira crucibles, heat exchangers uye biomaterials semazino artificial lacquer majoini ekunyungudutsa simbi. Ceramics ine yakasarudzika neutron kubatwa uye kunyura anoshandiswa kugadzira akasiyana nyukireya reactor zvimiro zvezvinhu.
1.Calcium oxide ceramics
Calcium oxide ceramics ndeye ceramics inonyanya kuumbwa ne calcium oxide.Properties: Calcium oxide ine NaCl crystal structure ine density ye 3.08-3.40g/cm uye inonyunguduka inosvika 2570 C.Ine thermodynamic stability uye inogona kushandiswa pakupisa kukuru (2000 C). Iine maitiro akaderera ane yakakwirira inoshanda simbi inonyunguduka uye kushomeka kusvibiswa neokisijeni kana zvinhu zvisina kuchena. Chigadzirwa chacho chine kunaka kwekusagadzikana kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa uye kune yakanyungudutswa calcium phosphate. Inogona kugadzirwa nekuoma kudzvanya kana grouting.
Application:
1)Igaba rakakosha rekunyungudutsa simbi dzisina ferrous, senge high purity platinum neuranium.
2)Calcium oxide zvidhinha zvakadzikamiswa netitanium dioxide inogona kushandiswa seyakagadzika midziyo yemoto inotenderera yeakanyungudutswa phosphate ore.
3)Panyaya yekugadzikana kwe thermodynamic, CaO inodarika SiO 2, MgO, Al2O 3 uye ZrO 2, uye ndiyo yakakwirira mumaokisi. Ichi chivakwa chinoratidza kuti chinogona kushandiswa se crucible yekunyungudutsa simbi uye alloys.
4)Mukuita kwekunyunguduka kwesimbi, maCaO samplers uye machubhu ekudzivirira anogona kushandiswa, ayo anonyanya kushandiswa mukutonga kwemhando kana tembiricha yekudzora simbi inoshanda inonyungudika senge yakakwira titanium alloys.
5)Pamusoro pezviri pamusoro apa, CaO ceramics zvakare akakodzera kusungirira maoko ekunyunguduka kwearc kana midziyo yekuyera.
kuyedza angles.
Calcium oxide ine zvipingamupinyi zviviri:
①Zviri nyore kuita nemvura kana carbonate mumhepo.
②Inogona kunyunguduka nemaokisi akadai se iron oxide pakupisa kukuru. Ichi chiito che slagging ndicho chikonzero nei ceramics iri nyore kuodza uye ine simba rakaderera. Izvi zvinokanganisa zvakare zvinoita kuti zviome kuti calcium oxide ceramics ishandiswe zvakanyanya. Se ceramics, CaO ichiri muhucheche. Iine mativi maviri, dzimwe nguva yakagadzikana uye dzimwe nguva isina kugadzikana. Mune ramangwana, isu tinokwanisa kuronga zvirinani kushandiswa kwayo uye kuita kuti ibatane nemapoka ekeramics kuburikidza nekufambira mberi kwezvinhu zvakabikwa, kuumba, kupfura uye humwe hunyanzvi.
2. Zircon ceramics
Zircon ceramics ndeye ceramics inonyanya kuumbwa ne zircon (ZrSiO4).
Properties:Zircon ceramics ine yakanaka yekupisa kuvhunduka kuramba, asidi kuramba uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari, asi kushomeka alkali kuramba. Iyo yekupisa yekuwedzera coefficient uye yekupisa conductivity ye zircon ceramics yakadzikira, uye simba ravo rekukotama rinogona kuchengetedzwa pa1200-1400 C pasina kudzikira, asi michina yavo haina kunaka. Maitiro ekugadzira akafanana neakajairika akakosha ceramics.
Application:
1)Senge acid refractory, zircon yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mune yakaderera alkali aluminoborosilicate girazi kilns yegirazi bhora uye girazi fiber kugadzirwa. Zircon ceramics ine yakakwira dielectric uye mechaniki zvivakwa, uye inogona zvakare kushandiswa semagetsi insulators uye spark plugs.
2)Inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira yakakwirira-yepamusoro-tembiricha yemagetsi ceramics, zvikepe zveceramic, macrucibles, high-tembiricha yemoto inopisa ndiro, girazi revira remwenje, infrared radiation ceramics, nezvimwe.
3)Inogona kugadzirwa kuita zvitete-madziro zvigadzirwa - crucible, thermocouple sleeve, nozzle, gobvu-yakavezwa zvigadzirwa - dhaka, nezvimwe.
4)Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti zircon ine kugadzikana kwemakemikari, kugadzikana kwemagetsi, kugadzikana kwemafuta uye kugadzikana kwemwaranzi. Iyo ine kushivirira kwakanaka kune actinides yakadai seU, Pu, Am, Np, Nd uye Pa. Iyo yakanaka yepakati zvinhu zvekuomesa yakakwirira-level radioactive tsvina (HLW) musimbi system.
Parizvino, tsvagiridzo yehukama pakati pemaitiro ekugadzira uye mashandiro emagetsi e zircon ceramics haasati ataurwa, izvo zvinotadzisa kuenderera mberi kwekudzidza kwezvivakwa zvayo kusvika pamwero wakati uye kumisa kushandiswa kwe zircon ceramics.
3. Lithium oxide ceramics
Lithium oxide ceramics ndeye ceramics ayo makuru anoumba Li2O, Al2O3 uye SiO2. Iyo huru mineral materials ine Li2O muzvisikwa spodumene, lithium-permeable feldspar, lithium-phosphorite, lithium mica uye nepheline.
Properties: Iyo mikuru yecrystalline phases oflithium oxide ceramics ndeye nepheline uye spodumene, iyo inoratidzirwa nekuderera kwekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwemafuta uye kunaka kwekushisa kwekushisa kwekudzivirira. girazi.
Application:Inogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvidhinha zvidhinha, thermocouple kudzivirira machubhu, zvikamu zvekushisa nguva dzose, midziyo yerabhoritari, midziyo yekubikira, nezvimwewo zvemagetsi emagetsi (kunyanya induction furnaces). Li2O-A12O3-SiO 2 (LAS) zvinhu zvakatevedzana zvakajairwa zvakaderera zvekuwedzera ceramics, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa semafuta anodzivirira kutyisa zvinhu, Li2O inogona zvakare kushandiswa seceramic binder, uye inogona kuve yakakosha yekushandisa muindasitiri yegirazi.
4. Ceria ceramics
Cerium oxide ceramics ma ceramics ane cerium oxide sechikamu chikuru.
Properties:Chigadzirwa chacho chine giravhiti chaiyo ye7.73 uye nzvimbo yakanyunguduka ye2600 ℃. Ichava Ce2O3 mukuderedza mhepo, uye nzvimbo yekunyunguduka ichaderedzwa kubva ku2600 ℃ kusvika ku1690 ℃. Iyo resistivity ndeye 2 x 10 ohm cm pa 700 ℃ uye 20 ohm cm pa 1200 ℃. Parizvino, kune akati wandei akajairwa matekinoroji ekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri ecerium oxide muChina sezvinotevera:Chemical oxidation, inosanganisira air oxidation uye potassium permanganate oxidation;Kugocha oxidation nzira.
Extraction separation method
Application:
1)Inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chekudziya, crucible yekunyungudutsa simbi uye semiconductor, thermocouple sleeve, nezvimwe.
2)Inogona kushandiswa seyamuro yekupisa yesilicon nitride ceramics, pamwe neakagadziridzwa aluminium titanate composite ceramics, uye CeO 2 inokodzera kuomesa.
stabilizer.
3)Rare Earth tricolor phosphor ine 99.99% CeO 2 imhando yezvinhu zvinopenya zverambi rinochengetedza simba, iro rine mwenje wakanyanya kushanda zvakanaka, kunaka kupa kwemavara uye hupenyu hurefu.
4)CeO 2 poda yekugezesa ine chikamu chakakura kupfuura 99% ine kuomarara kwakanyanya, diki uye yunifomu particle size uye angular crystal, iyo inokodzera kupenya-kumhanya kwegirazi.
5)Kushandisa 98% CeO 2 se decolorizer uye kujekesa kunogona kuvandudza mhando uye zvivakwa zvegirazi uye kuita kuti zvive zvakanyanya kushanda.
6)Ceria ceramics ine hurombo hwekudziya kugadzikana uye kusimba kwakasimba kumhepo, iyo inomisa kushandiswa kwayo kune imwe nhanho.
5. Thorium oxide ceramics
Thorium oxide ceramics inoreva maceramics ane ThO2 sechinhu chikuru.
Properties:pure thorium oxide is cubic crystal system, fluorite-type structure, thermal expansion coefficient of thorium oxide ceramics yakakura, 9.2*10/℃ pa25-1000 ℃, thermal conductivity yakaderera, 0.105 J/(cm.s ℃ at 25-1000 ℃, thermal conductivity yakaderera, 0.105 J/(cm. 100 ℃, kugadzikana kwekupisa hakuna kunaka, asi tembiricha yekunyunguduka iri yakakwirira, iyo yepamusoro tembiricha conductivity yakanaka, uye pane radioactivity (10% PVA mhinduro se suspension agent) kana kudzvanya (20% thorium tetrachloride as binder) inogona kushandiswa pakuumba.
Application:Inonyanya kushandiswa se crucible yekunyungudutsa osmium, pure rhodium uye yekunatsa radium, sechinhu chekudziya, sechiedza chekutsvaga, incandescent mwenje mumvuri, kana sehuni yenyukireya, se cathode yemagetsi chubhu, electrode yekunyungudika arc, nezvimwe.
6. Alumina Ceramics
Zvinoenderana nemusiyano weiyo main crystalline chikamu muceramic billet, inogona kukamurwa kuita corundum porcelain, corundum-mullite porcelain uye mullite porcelain. Inogona zvakare kukamurwa kuita 75, 95 uye 99 ceramics zvinoenderana nehukuru chikamu cheAL2O3.
Application:
Alumina ceramics ine yakakwira kunyungudika, kuomarara kwepamusoro, kusimba kwepamusoro, kunaka kwemakemikari ekuora uye dielectric zvivakwa. Nekudaro, ine yakakwira brittleness, kushomeka kwekuita kuramba uye kupisa kwekushomeka kuramba, uye haigone kumirisana nekuchinja kwakanyanya mukupisa kwemukati. Inogona kushandiswa kugadzira tembiricha yekupisa machubhu, linings, spark plugs einjini dzinopisa mukati, maturusi ekucheka ane kuomarara kwakanyanya, uye thermocouple insulating maoko.
7. Silicon carbide ceramics
Silicon carbide ceramics inoratidzirwa nekusimba kwekushisa kwepamusoro, yakakwira yekupisa conductivity, yakakwira kupfeka kuramba, corrosion resistance uye creep resistance. Ivo vanowanzo shandiswa seyakakwira tembiricha sintering zvinhu muminda yekudzivirira yenyika uye Aerospace Sayenzi uye tekinoroji. Iwo anoshandiswa kugadzira akakwira tembiricha zvikamu senge nozzles ye rocket nozzles, huro yekukanda simbi, thermocouple bushings uye choto machubhu.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-16-2019