Ubukorikori bwinganda, ni ukuvuga ububumbyi bwumusaruro winganda nibicuruzwa byinganda. Nubwoko bwububiko bwiza, bushobora gukina ubukanishi, ubushyuhe, imiti nibindi bikorwa mugukoresha. Kuberako ubukorikori bwinganda bufite urukurikirane rwibyiza, nko kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, kurwanya ruswa, kurwanya kwambara, kurwanya isuri, nibindi, birashobora gusimbuza ibikoresho byuma nibikoresho bya macromolecule kugirango bikore nabi. Babaye ibikoresho byingirakamaro kandi byingenzi muguhindura inganda gakondo, inganda zigenda ziyongera ninganda zikorana buhanga. Zikoreshwa cyane mu mbaraga, ikirere, imashini, imodoka, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, inganda z’imiti n’izindi nzego. Ibyifuzo byinshi byo gusaba. Ububumbyi bufite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa hamwe n’imiterere y’imiti ihura n’imisemburo y’ibinyabuzima bikoreshwa mu kubyara umusaraba, guhanahana ubushyuhe hamwe n’ibinyabuzima nka amenyo y’ibihimbano by’amenyo yo gushonga ibyuma. Ubukorikori hamwe no gufata neutron idasanzwe no kuyikoresha bikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bitandukanye byubaka ingufu za kirimbuzi.
1.Calcium oxyde ceramics
Kalisiyumu ya ceramique ni ceramique igizwe ahanini na oxyde ya calcium.Umutungo: Okisiyumu ya Kalisiyumu ifite imiterere ya kirisiti ya NaCl ifite ubucucike bwa 3.08-3.40g / cm hamwe na 2570 C. Ifite ituze rya termodinamike kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mubushyuhe bwinshi (2000 C). Ifite reaction nkeya hamwe nicyuma gikora cyane gishonga hamwe n’umwanda muke wa ogisijeni cyangwa ibintu byanduye. Igicuruzwa gifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa ku cyuma gishongeshejwe no gushonga calcium fosifate. Irashobora gushirwaho no gukanda cyangwa gukanda.
Gusaba:
1)Nibikoresho byingenzi byo gushonga ibyuma bidafite ferrous, nka platine yera cyane na uranium.
2)Amatafari ya Kalisiyumu itunganijwe neza na dioxyde ya titanium irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo gutanura kumatara azunguruka ya fosifate yashongeshejwe.
3)Kubijyanye na termodinamike itajegajega, CaO irenze SiO 2, MgO, Al2O 3 na ZrO 2, kandi niyo hejuru muri oxyde. Uyu mutungo werekana ko ushobora gukoreshwa nkibyingenzi mugushonga ibyuma hamwe nuruvange.
4)Muburyo bwo gushonga ibyuma, icyitegererezo cya CaO hamwe nigituba kirinda birashobora gukoreshwa, bikoreshwa cyane mugucunga ubuziranenge cyangwa kugenzura ubushyuhe bwibyuma bikora nka titanium nyinshi.
5)Usibye hejuru yavuzwe haruguru, ububumbyi bwa CaO nabwo bukwiranye nintoki zo gukingira arc gushonga cyangwa imiyoboro yo kuringaniza
Ingero zigerageza.
Kalisiyumu ya Kalisiyumu ifite ibibi bibiri:
①Biroroshye kubyitwaramo n'amazi cyangwa karubone mukirere.
②Irashobora gushonga hamwe na oxyde nka okiside ya fer mubushyuhe bwinshi. Iki gikorwa cyo kudindiza nimpamvu ituma ububumbyi bworoshye korora kandi bukagira imbaraga nke. Izi nenge nazo zituma bigora calcium oxyde ceramics gukoreshwa cyane. Nkubukorikori, CaO iracyari mu ntangiriro. Ifite impande ebyiri, rimwe na rimwe zihamye rimwe na rimwe zidahinduka. Mu bihe biri imbere, turashobora gutegura neza imikoreshereze yacyo no gutuma yinjira mu rwego rw’ubutaka binyuze mu iterambere ry’ibikoresho fatizo, gukora, kurasa n’ubundi buhanga.
2. Zircon ceramics
Ububiko bwa Zircon nububumbyi bugizwe ahanini na zircon (ZrSiO4).
Ibyiza:Ububiko bwa Zircon bufite imbaraga zo guhangana nubushyuhe bwumuriro, kurwanya aside hamwe n’imiti ihamye, ariko birwanya alkali. Coefficient yo kwagura ubushyuhe hamwe nubushuhe bwumuriro wa zircon ceramics ni bike, kandi imbaraga zabo zo kugonda zirashobora kugumana kuri 1200-1400 C bitagabanutse, ariko imiterere yubukanishi irakennye. Ibikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro bisa nubwa rusange muri rusange.
Gusaba:
1)Nkurunuka rwa acide, zircon yakoreshejwe cyane mumatara ya alkali aluminoborosilicate yo mumatara yikirahure no gukora fibre fibre. Ubukorikori bwa Zircon bufite dielectric nubukanishi, kandi burashobora no gukoreshwa nka insulator zikoresha amashanyarazi hamwe nucomeka.
2)Ahanini ikoreshwa mugukora ingufu-ndende-yubushyuhe bwo hejuru yubushyuhe bwamashanyarazi, ubwato bwa ceramic, umusaraba, isahani yo gutwika ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, itanura ryibirahure, umurongo wimirasire yimirasire, nibindi.
3)Irashobora gukorwa mubicuruzwa bikikijwe neza - bikomeye, amaboko ya thermocouple, nozzle, ibicuruzwa bikikijwe cyane - minisiteri, nibindi.
4)Ibisubizo byerekana ko zircon ifite imiti ihamye, itekanye, imashini ihindagurika hamwe nimirasire. Ifite kwihanganira actinide nka U, Pu, Am, Np, Nd na Pa.Ni ibikoresho byiza byo mu rwego rwo gukomera imyanda yo mu rwego rwo hejuru (HLW) muri sisitemu y'ibyuma.
Kugeza ubu, ubushakashatsi ku isano iri hagati y’ibikorwa by’umusaruro n’imiterere y’ubukorikori bwa zircon ceramics ntabwo bwigeze butangazwa, ibyo bikaba bibuza gukomeza kwiga ku mitungo yacyo ku rugero runaka kandi bikagabanya ikoreshwa ry’ubutaka bwa zircon.
3. Ceramics ya Litiyumu
Litiyumu oxyde ceramics ni ceramics ibice byingenzi bigize Li2O, Al2O3 na SiO2. Ibikoresho by'ibanze birimo Li2O muri kamere ni spodumene, lithium-permeable feldspar, lithium-fosifore, lithium mika na nepheline.
Ibyiza. ikirahure.
Gusaba:Irashobora gukoreshwa mu kubumba amatafari atondekanye, imiyoboro irinda thermocouple, ibice byubushyuhe burigihe, ibikoresho bya laboratoire, ibikoresho byo guteka, nibindi byitanura ryamashanyarazi (cyane cyane itanura ryinjira). Li2O-A12O3-SiO 2 (LAS) ibikoresho byuruhererekane nibikoresho bisanzwe byo kwaguka hasi, bishobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro, Li2O irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byububiko, kandi bifite agaciro gakoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda.
4. Ceria ceramics
Cerium oxyde ceramics nubutaka hamwe na cerium oxyde nkibice byingenzi.
Ibyiza:Igicuruzwa gifite uburemere bwihariye bwa 7.73 hamwe no gushonga kwa 2600 ℃ .Bizahinduka Ce2O3 mukugabanya ikirere, kandi aho gushonga bizagabanuka kuva 2600 ℃ bigere kuri 1690 ℃. Kurwanya ni 2 x 10 ohm cm kuri 700 ℃ na cm 20 ohm kuri 1200 ℃. Kugeza ubu, hari uburyo bwinshi bukoreshwa muburyo bwo gutunganya inganda za cerium mu Bushinwa ku buryo bukurikira: Okiside ya chimique, harimo okiside yo mu kirere hamwe na okiside ya potasiyumu permanganate;
Uburyo bwo gutandukanya gukuramo
Gusaba:
1)Irashobora gukoreshwa nkibintu bishyushya, byingenzi mugushonga ibyuma na semiconductor, amaboko ya thermocouple, nibindi.
2)Irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo gucumura kuri silicon nitride ceramics, hamwe na aluminium titanate yahinduwe ceramics, kandi CeO 2 nikintu cyiza cyane.
stabilisateur.
3)Ntibisanzwe isi ya tricolor fosifori hamwe na 99,99% CeO 2 nubwoko bwibintu bitanga urumuri rwamatara azigama ingufu, rufite urumuri rwinshi, rutanga amabara meza kandi rukaramba.
4)Ifu ya CeO 2 isukuye hamwe nigice kinini kirenga 99% ifite ubukana bwinshi, ingano ntoya kandi imwe nini hamwe na kristu ya buringari, ikwiranye no kwihuta cyane kwikirahure.
5)Gukoresha 98% CeO 2 nka decolorizer na clarifier birashobora kuzamura ubwiza nimiterere yikirahure kandi bigakorwa neza.
6)Ubutaka bwa Ceria bufite ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro hamwe no kumva neza ikirere, bigabanya imikoreshereze yabyo kurwego runaka.
5. Thorium oxyde ceramics
Thorium oxyde ceramics yerekeza kubutaka hamwe na ThO2 nkibice byingenzi.
Ibyiza:oxyde ya thorium isukuye ni cubic sisitemu ya sisitemu, imiterere ya fluorite, coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe bwa thorium oxyde ceramics nini, 9.2 * 10 / ℃ kuri 25-1000 ℃, ubushyuhe bwumuriro buri hasi, 0,105 J / (cm.s ℃ kuri 100 gukanda (20% thorium tetrachloride nka binder) birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwo gukora.
Gusaba:Ahanini ikoreshwa nkibyingenzi mu gushonga osmium, rhodium yera no gutunganya radium, nkibintu bishyushya, nkisoko yishakisha, igicucu cyamatara yaka, cyangwa nkibicanwa bya kirimbuzi, nka cathode yumuyoboro wa elegitoronike, electrode yo gushonga arc, nibindi.
6. Alumina Ceramics
Ukurikije itandukaniro ryicyiciro cya kristaline muri bilet ceramic, irashobora kugabanwa muri farumasi ya corundum, corundum-mullite farforine na mullite. Irashobora kandi kugabanywamo ibice 75, 95 na 99 byubutaka ukurikije igice kinini cya AL2O3.
Gusaba:
Ubukorikori bwa Alumina bufite aho bushonga cyane, ubukana bwinshi, imbaraga nyinshi, imiti myiza yo kurwanya ruswa hamwe na dielectric. Nyamara, ifite ubukana bwinshi, kurwanya ingaruka mbi no guhangana nubushyuhe bwumuriro, kandi ntishobora kwihanganira impinduka zikomeye zubushyuhe bwibidukikije. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora itanura ryubushyuhe bwo hejuru, gutondekanya, gucomeka ibyuma bya moteri yaka imbere, ibikoresho byo gukata hamwe nuburemere bukabije, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa thermocouple.
7. Silicon carbide ceramics
Silicon carbide ceramics irangwa nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwumuriro, kwihanganira kwambara cyane, kurwanya ruswa no kurwanya ibinyabuzima. Bakunze gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byo hejuru yubushyuhe bwo murwego rwo kurinda igihugu hamwe na siyansi yikoranabuhanga. Zikoreshwa mu gukora ibice by'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nka nozzles ya roketi ya roketi, umuhogo wo guta ibyuma, ibihuru bya thermocouple hamwe n'igitereko cy'itanura.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-16-2019