Zoumba zamafakitale, ndiye kuti, zida zadothi zopangira mafakitale ndi zinthu zamakampani. Ndi mtundu wa ceramics wabwino, womwe umatha kusewera makina, matenthedwe, mankhwala ndi ntchito zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa zida zadothi mafakitale ndi mndandanda wa ubwino, monga kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana dzimbiri, kukana kuvala, kukana kukokoloka, etc., akhoza m'malo zipangizo zitsulo ndi organic macromolecule zipangizo kwa nkhanza malo ntchito. Akhala chinthu chofunikira komanso chofunikira pakusintha kwamafakitale azikhalidwe, mafakitale omwe akubwera komanso mafakitale apamwamba kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mphamvu, zakuthambo, makina, magalimoto, zamagetsi, makampani opanga mankhwala ndi zina. Chiyembekezo chambiri. Ma Ceramic okhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kukhazikika kwamankhwala polumikizana ndi michere yachilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga crucibles, exchanger kutentha ndi biomatadium monga mano opangira mano opangira zitsulo zosungunulira zitsulo. Ma Ceramics okhala ndi ma neutron apadera komanso kuyamwa kwapadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zosiyanasiyana zamanyukiliya.
1. Calcium oxide ceramics
Calcium oxide ceramics ndi ceramics yomwe imakhala ndi calcium oxide.Properties: Calcium oxide ili ndi NaCl crystal structure yokhala ndi makulidwe a 3.08-3.40g/cm ndi malo osungunuka a 2570 C. Ili ndi kukhazikika kwa thermodynamic ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutentha kwambiri (2000) C). Imakhala ndi zochita zotsika ndi kusungunuka kwazitsulo zambiri komanso kuipitsidwa pang'ono ndi mpweya kapena zinthu zonyansa. Chogulitsacho chimakhala ndi dzimbiri yabwino kukana chitsulo chosungunuka ndi kusungunuka kwa calcium phosphate. Itha kupangidwa ndi kukanikiza kowuma kapena grouting.
Ntchito:
1)Ndi chidebe chofunikira chosungunula zitsulo zopanda chitsulo, monga platinamu yoyera kwambiri ndi uranium.
2)Njerwa ya Calcium oxide yokhazikika ndi titaniyamu woipa imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chiwalo cha ng'anjo yozungulira ya ore yosungunuka ya phosphate.
3)Pankhani ya kukhazikika kwa thermodynamic, CaO imaposa SiO 2, MgO, Al2O 3 ndi ZrO 2, ndipo ndiyokwera kwambiri mu oxides. Katunduyu akuwonetsa kuti atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsulo chosungunula zitsulo ndi ma aloyi.
4)Pogwiritsa ntchito kusungunuka kwachitsulo, CaO samplers ndi machubu otetezera angagwiritsidwe ntchito, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyang'anira khalidwe kapena kutentha kwazitsulo zogwira ntchito monga ma alloys apamwamba a titaniyamu.
5)Kuphatikiza pazomwe tafotokozazi, zoumba za CaO ndizoyeneranso kuyika manja osungunula arc kusungunuka kapena ziwiya zofananira.
ngodya zoyesera.
Calcium oxide ili ndi zovuta ziwiri:
①Ndikosavuta kuchitapo kanthu ndi madzi kapena carbonate mumlengalenga.
②Ikhoza kusungunuka ndi ma oxides monga iron oxide pa kutentha kwakukulu. Izi ndichifukwa chake zoumba za ceramic ndizosavuta kuwononga komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu zochepa. Zofooka izi zimapangitsanso kukhala kovuta kuti zitsulo za ceramic oxide zigwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri. Monga zoumba, CaO ikadali yakhanda. Ili ndi mbali ziwiri, nthawi zina yosakhazikika komanso yosakhazikika. M'tsogolomu, titha kukonzekera bwino ntchito yake ndikupangitsa kuti igwirizane ndi zida za ceramic kudzera mukupita patsogolo kwa zida, kupanga, kuwombera ndi matekinoloje ena.
2. Zircon ceramics
Zircon ceramics ndi ceramics makamaka zopangidwa ndi zircon (ZrSiO4).
Katundu:Zida za ceramic za zircon zili ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwamafuta, kukana kwa asidi komanso kukhazikika kwamankhwala, koma kukana kwa alkali. Kuchulukitsa kwamafuta ndi matenthedwe a zircon ceramics ndi otsika, ndipo mphamvu yopindika imatha kusungidwa pa 1200-1400 C osachepera, koma makina awo ndi osauka. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala kofanana ndi kachipangizo kapadera ka ceramic.
Ntchito:
1)Monga asidi refractory, zircon wakhala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu otsika alkali aluminoborosilicate galasi kilns kwa galasi mpira ndi galasi CHIKWANGWANI kupanga. Zida za ceramic za zircon zimakhala ndi dielectric ndi makina apamwamba kwambiri, ndipo zimatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zopangira magetsi ndi ma spark plugs.
2)Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ziwiya zamagetsi zotentha kwambiri, mabwato a ceramic, crucibles, mbale yotentha kwambiri yamoto, ng'anjo yamagalasi, zoumba zama radiation ya infuraredi, ndi zina zambiri.
3)Itha kupangidwa kukhala zinthu zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala - crucible, manja a thermocouple, nozzle, zopangidwa ndi mipanda yokhuthala - matope, ndi zina zambiri.
4)Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti zircon ili ndi kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, kukhazikika kwa makina, kukhazikika kwamafuta komanso kukhazikika kwa ma radiation. Ili ndi kulolerana kwabwino kwa actinides monga U, Pu, Am, Np, Nd ndi Pa. Ndizinthu zabwino zapakatikati zolimbitsa zinyalala zapamwamba zama radio (HLW) muzitsulo.
Pakalipano, kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi mgwirizano pakati pa kupanga ndi makina opangidwa ndi zircon ceramics sanafotokozedwe, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuphunzira mopitirira za katundu wake pamlingo wina ndikuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zircon ceramics.
3. Zitsulo za lithiamu oxide
Lithium oxide ceramics ndi zadothi zomwe zigawo zake zazikulu ndi Li2O, Al2O3 ndi SiO2. Zida zazikulu zamchere zomwe zili ndi Li2O m'chilengedwe ndi spodumene, lithiamu-permeable feldspar, lithiamu-phosphorite, lithiamu mica ndi nepheline.
Katundu: Magawo akuluakulu a crystalline oflithium oxide ceramics ndi nepheline ndi spodumene, omwe amadziwika ndi kutsika kwamafuta otsika komanso kukana kwamphamvu kwamafuta. galasi.
Ntchito:Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njerwa zomangira, machubu oteteza thermocouple, magawo a kutentha kosalekeza, ziwiya za labotale, ziwiya zophikira, ndi zina za ng'anjo zamagetsi (makamaka ng'anjo zamoto). Li2O-A12O3-SiO 2 (LAS) mndandanda zida ndi mmene otsika kukula zadothi, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati matenthedwe kugwedezeka kugonjetsedwa zipangizo, Li2O Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati ceramic binder, ndi kuthekera ntchito phindu makampani galasi.
4. Ceria ceramics
Cerium oxide ceramics ndi ceramic ndi cerium oxide monga chigawo chachikulu.
Katundu:Mankhwalawa ali ndi mphamvu yokoka ya 7.73 ndi malo osungunuka a 2600 ℃. Idzakhala Ce2O3 mu kuchepetsa mpweya, ndipo malo osungunuka adzachepetsedwa kuchokera ku 2600 ℃ mpaka 1690 ℃. The resistivity ndi 2 x 10 ohm masentimita pa 700 ℃ ndi 20 ohm masentimita pa 1200 ℃. Pakalipano, pali njira zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafakitale a cerium oxide ku China motere: Chemical oxidation, kuphatikizapo mpweya wa okosijeni ndi potaziyamu permanganate oxidation;Kuwotcha makutidwe ndi okosijeni njira.
M'zigawo kulekana njira
Ntchito:
1)Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chotenthetsera, crucible yosungunula zitsulo ndi semiconductor, manja a thermocouple, ndi zina.
2)Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zothandizira zopangira zitsulo za silicon nitride, komanso zida zosinthidwa za aluminiyamu titanate, ndipo CeO 2 ndi njira yabwino yolimbikitsira.
stabilizer.
3)Rare earth tricolor phosphor yokhala ndi 99.99% CeO 2 ndi mtundu wazinthu zowala za nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu, zomwe zimakhala ndi kuwala kwakukulu, kutulutsa bwino kwamitundu komanso moyo wautali.
4)CeO 2 kupukuta ufa wokhala ndi gawo lalikulu kuposa 99% ali ndi kuuma kwakukulu, kukula kwa tinthu tating'ono ndi yunifolomu ndi kristalo wa angular, omwe ndi oyenera kupukuta galasi lothamanga kwambiri.
5)Kugwiritsa ntchito 98% CeO 2 ngati decolorizer ndi clarifier kumatha kupititsa patsogolo mawonekedwe agalasi ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza kwambiri.
6)Ceria ceramics ali ndi kusakhazikika kwamafuta komanso kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mpweya, zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumlingo wina.
5. Thorium oxide ceramics
Makatani a thorium oxide amatchula zoumba zomwe zimakhala ndi ThO2 monga chigawo chachikulu.
Katundu:thorium oxide yoyera ndi cubic crystal system, mawonekedwe amtundu wa fluorite, kuchuluka kwa matenthedwe a thorium oxide ceramics ndiakuluakulu, 9.2 * 10/℃ pa 25-1000 ℃, matenthedwe matenthedwe ndi otsika, 0.105 J/(cm.s ℃at) 100 ℃, bata matenthedwe ndi osauka, koma kutentha kusungunuka ndi pamwamba, kutentha kwapamwamba kumakhala bwino, ndipo pali radioactivity (10% PVA solution monga kuyimitsidwa) kapena kukanikiza (20% thorium tetrachloride monga binder) ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga.
Ntchito:Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati crucible smelting osmium, rhodium koyera ndi kuyenga radium, monga chotenthetsera chinthu, monga gwero lofufuzira, mthunzi wa nyali, kapena ngati mafuta a nyukiliya, monga cathode yamagetsi chubu, electrode kusungunuka kwa arc, etc.
6. Alumina Ceramics
Malinga ndi kusiyana kwa gawo lalikulu la crystalline mu ceramic billet, imatha kugawidwa kukhala corundum porcelain, corundum-mullite porcelain ndi mullite porcelain. Ithanso kugawidwa mu 75, 95 ndi 99 ceramics malinga ndi gawo lalikulu la AL2O3.
Ntchito:
Zoumba za aluminiyamu zimakhala ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri, kuuma kwakukulu, kulimba kwambiri, kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa mankhwala ndi dielectric properties. Komabe, ali ndi brittleness mkulu, osauka amakhudza kukana ndi matenthedwe kukana mantha, ndipo sangathe kupirira kusintha kwambiri kutentha yozungulira. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga machubu a ng'anjo yotentha kwambiri, zomangira, ma spark plugs a injini zoyatsira mkati, zida zodulira zolimba kwambiri, ndi manja oteteza thermocouple.
7. Silicon carbide ceramics
Silicon carbide ceramics imadziwika ndi kulimba kwa kutentha kwambiri, kukhathamiritsa kwamafuta kwambiri, kukana kuvala kwambiri, kukana dzimbiri komanso kukana kukwawa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zotenthetsera kutentha kwambiri pachitetezo cha dziko ndi Sayansi ya Zamlengalenga ndiukadaulo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ziwiya zotentha kwambiri monga ma nozzles a rocket nozzles, khosi lazitsulo zoponyera zitsulo, ma thermocouple bushings ndi machubu ang'anjo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-16-2019