Seramiki ụlọ ọrụ, ya bụ, ceramik maka mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ na ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ bụ ụdị ceramics mara mma, nke nwere ike igwu igwe, thermal, kemịkalụ na ọrụ ndị ọzọ na ngwa. N'ihi na seramiiki ụlọ ọrụ nwere ọtụtụ uru, dị ka nguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu, nguzogide corrosion, iyi nguzogide, nguzogide mbuze, wdg, ha nwere ike dochie ihe ọla na ihe macromolecule organic maka ebe ọrụ siri ike. Ha aghọwo ihe dị mkpa na ihe dị mkpa na mgbanwe mmepụta ihe omenala, ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta na ụlọ ọrụ nkà na ụzụ dị elu. A na-eji ha eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ike, ikuku, igwe, ụgbọ ala, ngwá electronic, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. Atụmanya ngwa ngwa. A na-eji seramiki nwere ezigbo nguzogide corrosion na nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ na kọntaktị na enzymes ndu iji mepụta crucibles, ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na ihe ndị dị ndụ dị ka nkwonkwo lacquer ezé ezé maka ịgbaze ọla. A na-eji seramiki nwere njide na nnabata neutron pụrụ iche iji mepụta ihe nhazi ihe nrụpụta nuklia dị iche iche.
1. Calcium oxide ceramics
Calcium oxide ceramics bụ ceramics tumadi mejupụtara calcium oxide.Properties: Calcium oxide nwere NaCl crystal Ọdịdị na a njupụta nke 3.08-3.40g / cm na agbaze ebe 2570 C. Ọ nwere thermodynamic kwụsie ike na ike ga-eji na elu okpomọkụ (2000). C). Ọ nwere obere mmeghachi omume na elu nọ n'ọrụ metal agbaze na obere mmetọ site oxygen ma ọ bụ adịghị ọcha ọcha. Ngwaahịa a nwere ezigbo nguzogide corrosion na ọla a wụrụ awụ na ịgbaze calcium phosphate. Enwere ike ịmepụta ya site na ịpị akọrọ ma ọ bụ grouting.
Ngwa:
1)Ọ bụ akpa dị mkpa maka ịgbaze ọla ndị na-abụghị nke akpụ, dị ka platinum dị ọcha na uranium.
2)A pụrụ iji brik Calcium oxide kwụsiri ike site na titanium dioxide dị ka ihe mkpuchi maka kiln phosphate ọla gbazere rotary.
3)N'ihe gbasara nkwụsi ike nke thermodynamic, CaO karịrị SiO 2, MgO, Al2O 3 na ZrO 2, ma bụrụ nke kachasị elu na oxides. Ngwongwo a na-egosi na enwere ike iji ya mee ihe maka ịgbaze ọla na alloys.
4)N'ime usoro ịgbaze ígwè, CaO samplers na tubes nchebe nwere ike iji mee ihe, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na njikwa mma ma ọ bụ njikwa okpomọkụ nke ígwè na-arụ ọrụ na-agbaze dị ka elu titanium alloys.
5)Na mgbakwunye na nke dị n'elu, ceramics CaO dịkwa mma maka mkpuchi mkpuchi maka agbaze arc ma ọ bụ arịa maka ịhazigharị.
akụkụ nnwale.
Calcium oxide nwere ihe ọghọm abụọ:
①Ọ dị mfe iji mmiri ma ọ bụ carbonate mee ihe na ikuku.
②Ọ nwere ike gbazee na oxides dị ka ígwè oxide na oke okpomọkụ. Omume slagging a bụ ihe mere ceramik ji dị mfe imebi ma nwee ike dị ala. Mmejọ ndị a na-emekwa ka o sie ike iji seramiki calcium oxide eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe. Dị ka seramiki, CaO ka na-eto eto. Ọ nwere akụkụ abụọ, mgbe ụfọdụ kwụsiri ike na mgbe ụfọdụ anaghị akwụsi ike. N'ọdịnihu, anyị nwere ike ịhazi atụmatụ ya nke ọma ma mee ka ọ sonyere n'usoro ceramics site na ọganihu nke akụrụngwa, ịmepụta, ịkụ ọkụ na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ.
2. Zircon ceramik
Zircon ceramics bụ seramiki nke mejuputara nke zircon (ZrSiO4).
Njirimara:ceramik Zircon nwere ezigbo nguzogide ujo, acid nkwụsi ike na nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ, mana nguzogide alkali adịghị mma. Mgbasa mgbasawanye thermal na thermal conductivity nke ceramics zircon dị ala, enwere ike idowe ike mgbada ha na 1200-1400 C na-ebelata, mana akụrụngwa akụrụngwa ha adịghị mma. Usoro mmepụta ihe yiri nke ceramics pụrụ iche n'ozuzu.
Ngwa:
1)Dị ka ihe acid refractory, zircon e ọtụtụ-eji na ala alkali aluminoborosilicate iko kilns maka iko bọọlụ na iko fiber mmepụta. Zircon ceramics nwere nnukwu dielectric na nrụ ọrụ, a pụkwara iji ya mee ihe dị ka ihe mkpuchi ọkụ na ọkụ ọkụ.
2)A na-eji ya eme ihe maka imepụta seramiiki ọkụ eletrik dị elu, ụgbọ mmiri seramiiki, crucibles, efere ọkụ ọkụ dị elu, mkpuchi ọkụ iko, seramiki infrared radieshon, wdg.
3)Enwere ike ịme ngwaahịa nwere mgbidi dị mkpa - crucible, thermocouple sleeve, nozzle, ngwaahịa nwere mgbidi - ngwa agha, wdg.
4)Nsonaazụ na-egosi na zircon nwere nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ, nkwụsi ike nke igwe, nkwụsi ike ọkụ na nkwụsi ike radieshon. Ọ nwere ezi ndidi na actinides dị ka U, Pu, Am, Np, Nd na Pa. Ọ bụ ezigbo ọkara ihe maka solidifyinghigh-larịị redioaktivu mkpofu (HLW) na ígwè usoro.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a kọwabeghị nchọpụta banyere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti usoro mmepụta na ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke ceramics zircon, nke na-egbochikwu ọmụmụ ihe nke ihe onwunwe ya ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ ma gbochie ntinye nke ceramics zircon.
3. Lithium oxide ceramics
Lithium oxide ceramics bụ ceramics nke ihe ndị bụ isi mejupụtara ya bụ Li2O, Al2O3 na SiO2. Ihe ndị bụ isi mineral nwere Li2O na ọdịdị bụ spodumene, lithium-permeable feldspar, lithium-phosphorite, lithium mica na nepheline.
Njirimara: The isi crystalline frasi oflithium oxide ceramics bụ nepheline na spodumene, nke e ji ala thermal mmụba ọnụọgụ na ezi thermal ujo resistance.Li2O bụ ụdị oxide n'èzí netwọk, nke nwere ike iwusi iko netwọk na n'ụzọ dị irè melite chemical kwụsie ike nke. iko.
Ngwa:Enwere ike iji ya mee brik lining, tubes nchebe thermocouple, akụkụ okpomọkụ mgbe niile, arịa ụlọ nyocha, arịa nri, wdg nke ọkụ eletrik (karịsịa ọkụ induction). Li2O-A12O3-SiO 2 (LAS) usoro ihe bụ ahụkarị ala mgbasa ceramics, nke ike ga-eji dị ka thermal ujo na-eguzogide ihe, Li2O nwekwara ike-eji dị ka seramiiki ihe nchikota, na nwere ike ngwa uru na iko ụlọ ọrụ.
4. Ceria ceramik
Cerium oxide ceramics bụ seramiki nwere cerium oxide dị ka isi akụrụngwa.
Njirimara:Ngwaahịa nwere kpọmkwem ike ndọda nke 7.73 na agbaze ebe 2600 ℃.Ọ ga-aghọ Ce2O3 na mbenata ikuku, na agbaze ebe ga-ebelata si 2600 ℃ ka 1690 ℃ . The resistivity bụ 2 x 10 ohm cm na 700 ℃ na 20 ohm cm na 1200 ℃. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, e nwere ọtụtụ teknụzụ na-ahụkarị maka mmepụta nke cerium oxide na China dị ka ndị a: Chemical oxidation, gụnyere ikuku oxidation na potassium permanganate oxidation;
Usoro nkewa nkewa
Ngwa:
1)Enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe na-ekpo ọkụ, crucible maka mgbaze metal na semiconductor, thermocouple sleeve, wdg.
2)Enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe enyemaka na-eme mkpọtụ maka seramiki silicon nitride, yana seramiki aluminom titanate mejupụtara seramiki, na CeO 2 bụ ezigbo ihe siri ike.
stabilizer.
3)phosphor ụwa tricolor na-adịghị ahụkebe nwere 99.99% CeO 2 bụ ụdị ihe na-enwu ọkụ maka oriọna na-azọpụta ike, nke nwere arụmọrụ ọkụ dị elu, na-enye agba agba na ogologo ndụ.
4)CeO 2 polishing powder with a mass partition than 99% has high hardness, small and uniform particle size and angular crystal, which is adabara elu-ọsọ polishing nke iko.
5)Iji 98% CeO 2 dị ka decolorizer na clarifier nwere ike imeziwanye àgwà na njirimara nke iko ma mee ka ọ dịkwuo irè.
6)Ceria ceramik nwere nkwụsi ike ọkụ na-adịghị mma yana mmetụta siri ike na ikuku, nke na-egbochi ojiji ya ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ.
5. Thorium oxide ceramics
Ceramik Thorium oxide na-ezo aka na ceramik nwere ThO2 dị ka isi akụrụngwa.
Njirimara:dị ọcha thorium oxide bụ cubic crystal usoro, fluorite-ụdị Ọdịdị, thermal mgbasa ọnụọgụ nke thorium oxide ceramics bụ ibu, 9.2 * 10 / ℃ na 25-1000 ℃, thermal conductivity bụ ala, 0.105 J / (cm.s ℃at) 100 ℃, thermal kwụsie ike bụ ogbenye, ma agbaze okpomọkụ dị elu, na Igwe ọkụ dị elu dị mma, yana redioactivity (10% ngwọta PVA dị ka onye nkwusioru) ma ọ bụ ịpị (20% thorium tetrachloride dị ka ihe nkedo) nwere ike iji mee ihe na nhazi usoro.
Ngwa:A na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka crucible maka ịgbaze osmium, rhodium dị ọcha na refining radium, dị ka ihe ọkụ ọkụ, dị ka isi iyi ọkụ ọkụ, ndò oriọna ọkụ, ma ọ bụ mmanụ nuklia, dị ka cathode nke tube electronic, electrode maka agbaze arc, wdg.
6. Alumina ceramics
Dị ka ihe dị iche nke isi kristal oge na seramiiki billet, ọ nwere ike kewaa corundum poselin, corundum-mullite poselin na mullite poselin. Enwere ike kewaa ya n'ime ceramik 75, 95 na 99 dịka akụkụ nke AL2O3 siri dị.
Ngwa:
Alumina ceramics nwere nnukwu agbaze, ike siri ike, ike dị elu, ezigbo nguzogide corrosion kemịkalụ na ihe dielectric. Otú ọ dị, ọ nwere nnukwu brittleness, adịghị mma mmetụta na-eguzogide na thermal ujo na-eguzogide, na-enweghị ike iguzogide oké mgbanwe na ambient okpomọkụ. Enwere ike iji ya rụpụta ọkpọkọ ọkụ ọkụ dị elu, linings, plọg ọkụ nke injin mgba ọkụ dị n'ime, ngwaọrụ ịkpụ ihe siri ike dị elu, na mkpuchi mkpuchi thermocouple.
7. Silicon carbide ceramik
A na-eji seramiiki silicon carbide mara ike dị elu nke okpomọkụ, ịdị elu thermal conductivity, akwa mgbochi iyi, nguzogide corrosion na nguzogide na-akpụ akpụ. A na-ejikarị ha eme ihe dị ka ihe na-ekpo ọkụ dị elu na mpaghara nchekwa mba na Aerospace Science and technology. A na-eji ha na-emepụta akụkụ okpomọkụ dị elu dị ka nozzles maka rọketi nozzles, akpịrị maka nkedo ígwè, thermocouple bushings na ọkụ tubes.
Oge nzipu: Nov-16-2019