Tukwane na masana'antu, wato, yumbu don samar da masana'antu da samfuran masana'antu. Wani nau'in yumbu ne mai kyau, wanda zai iya kunna inji, thermal, sunadarai da sauran ayyuka a aikace. Saboda yumbu na masana'antu suna da jerin fa'idodi, irin su juriya mai zafi, juriya na lalata, juriya juriya, juriya na yashwa, da sauransu, suna iya maye gurbin kayan ƙarfe da kayan macromolecule na halitta don yanayin aiki mai tsauri. Sun zama wani abu mai mahimmanci kuma mai mahimmanci a cikin canjin masana'antu na gargajiya, masana'antu masu tasowa da manyan masana'antu. Ana amfani da su sosai a cikin makamashi, sararin samaniya, injina, motoci, lantarki, masana'antar sinadarai da sauran fannoni. Faɗin aikace-aikacen bege. An yi amfani da yumbu tare da juriya mai kyau na lalata da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai a cikin hulɗa da enzymes masu ilimin halitta don samar da crucibles, masu musayar zafi da abubuwan halitta kamar haɗin gwiwar lacquer na wucin gadi na hakori don narke karafa. Ana amfani da yumbu tare da kama neutron na musamman da kuma sha don samar da kayan aikin injin nukiliya daban-daban.
1. Calcium oxide yumbura
Calcium oxide tukwane ne tukwane, yafi hada da calcium oxide.Properties: Calcium oxide yana da NaCl crystal tsarin da yawa na 3.08-3.40g/cm da wani narkewa batu na 2570 C. Yana da thermodynamic kwanciyar hankali da za a iya amfani da a high zafin jiki (2000). C). Yana da ƙarancin amsawa tare da babban ƙarfe mai aiki na narkewa da ƙarancin gurɓataccen iska ta oxygen ko abubuwan ƙazanta. Samfurin yana da kyakkyawan juriya na gurɓataccen ƙarfe da narkakken calcium phosphate. Ana iya samuwa ta hanyar bushe-bushe ko grouting.
Aikace-aikace:
1)Yana da muhimmin akwati don narkar da karafa da ba na ƙarfe ba, irin su platinum mai girma da uranium.
2)Tulin Calcium oxide wanda aka daidaita ta titanium dioxide ana iya amfani da shi azaman kayan rufi don kiln narkakkar phosphate tama.
3)Dangane da kwanciyar hankali na thermodynamic, CaO ya wuce SiO 2, MgO, Al2O 3 da ZrO 2, kuma shine mafi girma a cikin oxides. Wannan dukiya ta nuna cewa ana iya amfani da ita azaman ƙugiya don narkewar karafa da gami.
4)A cikin aiwatar da narkewar ƙarfe, ana iya amfani da samfurori na CaO da bututu masu kariya, waɗanda galibi ana amfani da su a cikin kulawar inganci ko sarrafa zafin jiki na narkewar ƙarfe mai aiki kamar manyan gami da titanium.
5)Baya ga abin da ke sama, CaO tukwane kuma sun dace da hannayen riga don narke baka ko tasoshin don daidaitawa.
kusurwar gwaji.
Calcium oxide yana da rashin amfani guda biyu:
①Yana da sauƙin amsawa da ruwa ko carbonate a cikin iska.
②Yana iya narke da oxides kamar baƙin ƙarfe oxide a babban zafin jiki. Wannan aikin slagging shine dalilin da yasa yumbura ke da sauƙi don lalata kuma suna da ƙananan ƙarfi. Waɗannan gazawar kuma suna sa yumbura na calcium oxide ya yi wahala a yi amfani da su sosai. A matsayin yumbu, CaO har yanzu yana cikin ƙuruciya. Yana da bangarori biyu, wani lokaci tsayayye kuma wani lokacin maras tabbas. A nan gaba, za mu iya tsara yadda ake amfani da shi da kuma sanya shi shiga cikin sahu na yumbu ta hanyar ci gaban albarkatun kasa, kafa, harbe-harbe da sauran fasaha.
2. Zircon yumbu
Abubuwan yumbu na zircon tukwane ne waɗanda galibi suka ƙunshi zircon (ZrSiO4).
Kaddarori:Zircon yumbura suna da kyakkyawan juriya na girgiza zafi, juriyar acid da kwanciyar hankali, amma juriya na alkali mara kyau. Matsakaicin haɓakar haɓakar thermal da ƙarancin zafin jiki na yumbura zircon ba su da ƙarfi, kuma ana iya kiyaye ƙarfin lanƙwasawa a 1200-1400 C ba tare da raguwa ba, amma kayan aikin injin su mara kyau. Tsarin samarwa yayi kama da na yumbu na musamman na gabaɗaya.
Aikace-aikace:
1)A matsayin acid refractory, zircon da aka yadu amfani a low alkali aluminoborosilicate gilashin kilns for gilashin ball da gilashin fiber samar. Zircon yumbura suna da manyan kayan lantarki da injina, kuma ana iya amfani da su azaman insulators na lantarki da filogi.
2)Yafi amfani da high-ƙarfi high-zazzabi lantarki yumbu, yumbu jiragen ruwa, crucibles, high zafin jiki kiln kona farantin, gilashin tanderun rufi, infrared radiation yumbu, da dai sauransu.
3)Ana iya yin shi cikin samfuran bakin ciki-bangaye - crucible, thermocouple hannun riga, bututun ƙarfe, samfuran bango mai kauri - turmi, da sauransu.
4)Sakamakon ya nuna cewa zircon yana da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, kwanciyar hankali na inji, kwanciyar hankali na thermal da kwanciyar hankali na radiation. Yana da kyau haƙuri ga actinides kamar U, Pu, Am, Np, Nd da Pa. Yana da manufa matsakaici abu don solidifying high-matakin rediyoaktif sharar gida (HLW) a karfe tsarin.
A halin yanzu, ba a ba da rahoton bincike game da dangantakar da ke tsakanin tsarin samarwa da kayan aikin injiniya na zircon yumbura ba, wanda ke hana ci gaba da nazarin kaddarorinsa zuwa wani matsayi kuma yana iyakance aikace-aikacen yumbu na zircon.
3. Lithium oxide yumbura
Lithium oxide tukwane tukwane ne waɗanda manyan abubuwan haɗin su sune Li2O, Al2O3 da SiO2. Babban ma'adinai da ke dauke da Li2O a cikin yanayi sune spodumene, lithium-permeable feldspar, lithium-phosphorite, lithium mica da nepheline.
Kayayyaki: Babban crystalline bulan oflithium oxide yumbu ne nepheline da spodumene, wanda aka halin low thermal fadada coefficient da kyau thermal girgiza resistance.Li2O ne wani irin oxide waje cibiyar sadarwa, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa gilashin cibiyar sadarwa da kuma yadda ya kamata inganta sinadaran kwanciyar hankali na gilashin.
Aikace-aikace:Ana iya amfani da shi don yin tubalin rufi, bututun kariya na thermocouple, sassan zafin jiki akai-akai, kayan dakin gwaje-gwaje, kayan dafa abinci, da dai sauransu na tanderun lantarki (musamman induction tanderu). Li2O-A12O3-SiO 2 (LAS) jerin kayan ne hankula low fadada tukwane, wanda za a iya amfani da matsayin thermal girgiza resistant kayan, Li2O kuma za a iya amfani da matsayin yumbu ɗaure, da kuma samun m aikace-aikace darajar a gilashin masana'antu.
4. Ceria tukwane
Cerium oxide tukwane tukwane tare da cerium oxide a matsayin babban sashi.
Kaddarori:Samfurin yana da ƙayyadaddun nauyi na 7.73 da wurin narkewa na 2600 ℃. Zai zama Ce2O3 a rage yanayin, kuma za a rage maƙalar narkewa daga 2600 ℃ zuwa 1690 ℃. A resistivity ne 2 x 10 ohm cm a 700 ℃ da 20 ohm cm a 1200 ℃. A halin yanzu, akwai da yawa na kowa tsari fasahar don masana'antu samar da cerium oxide a kasar Sin kamar haka: Chemical oxidation, ciki har da iska hadawan abu da iskar shaka da potassium permanganate hadawan abu da iskar shaka, Gasa oxidation Hanyar
Hanyar rabuwar hakar
Aikace-aikace:
1)Ana iya amfani da shi azaman dumama kashi, crucible don smelting karfe da semiconductor, thermocouple hannun riga, da dai sauransu.
2)Ana iya amfani dashi azaman kayan aikin sintering don yumbu nitride na silicon nitride, kazalika da gyare-gyaren aluminum titanate composite tukwane, kuma CeO 2 shine ingantaccen toughing.
stabilizer.
3)Rare duniya tricolor phosphor tare da 99.99% CeO 2 wani nau'i ne na kayan haske don fitilar ceton makamashi, wanda ke da ingantaccen haske, kyakkyawan launi da kuma tsawon rai.
4)CeO 2 polishing foda tare da wani taro juzu'i mafi girma fiye da 99% yana da high taurin, kananan da kuma uniform barbashi size da kuma angular crystal, wanda ya dace da high-gudun polishing na gilashi.
5)Yin amfani da 98% CeO 2 azaman decolorizer da clarifier na iya inganta inganci da kaddarorin gilashi kuma ya sa ya zama mai amfani.
6)Ceria yumbura suna da ƙarancin kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ga yanayi, wanda ke iyakance amfani da shi zuwa wani ɗan lokaci.
5. Thrium oxide yumbura
Abubuwan yumbu na thorium oxide suna nufin tukwane tare da ThO2 a matsayin babban sashi.
Kaddarori:tsarki thorium oxide ne cubic crystal tsarin, fluorite-type tsarin, thermal fadada coefficient na thorium oxide yumbu ne ya fi girma, 9.2 * 10 / ℃ a 25-1000 ℃, thermal watsin ne m, 0.105 J / (cm.s ℃at) 100 ℃, thermal kwanciyar hankali ne matalauta, amma narkewa zafin jiki ne high, da high zafin jiki watsin yana da kyau, kuma akwai radioactivity (10% PVA bayani a matsayin dakatar wakili) ko latsa (20% thorium tetrachloride a matsayin mai ɗaure) za a iya amfani da a cikin kafa tsari.
Aikace-aikace:Ana amfani da shi azaman crucible don narkewar osmium, rhodium mai tsafta da tace radium, azaman kayan dumama, azaman tushen haske, inuwar fitila, ko azaman makamashin nukiliya, azaman cathode na bututun lantarki, lantarki don narkewar baka, da sauransu.
6. Alumina Ceramics
Dangane da bambancin babban lokaci crystalline a cikin yumbu billet, ana iya raba shi zuwa corundum porcelain, corundum-mullite porcelain da mullite ain. Hakanan za'a iya raba shi zuwa yumbu 75, 95 da 99 bisa ga yawan juzu'i na AL2O3.
Aikace-aikace:
Alumina tukwane suna da babban narkewa, babban taurin, babban ƙarfi, kyakkyawan juriya na lalata sinadarai da kaddarorin dielectric. Duk da haka, yana da babban brittleness, rashin ƙarfi juriya da kuma thermal girgiza juriya, kuma ba zai iya jure m canje-canje a yanayi zafin jiki. Ana iya amfani da shi don kera bututun tanderu mai zafin jiki, linings, filogi na injunan konewa na ciki, kayan aikin yankan tare da tauri mai ƙarfi, da hannayen rigar thermocouple.
7. Silicon carbide yumbura
Silicon carbide tukwane ana siffanta da babban zafin jiki ƙarfi, high thermal conductivity, high lalacewa juriya, lalata juriya da creep juriya. Ana amfani da su sau da yawa azaman kayan daɗaɗɗen zafin jiki a cikin fagagen tsaron ƙasa da Kimiyya da fasaha na Aerospace. Ana amfani da su don kera sassa masu zafin jiki kamar nozzles don nozzles na roka, maƙogwaro don simintin ƙarfe, bushing thermocouple da bututun tanderu.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba 16-2019